The Impact of Urban form Attributes, Vehicle Cost, and Gas Price on Household Vehicle Ownership and Usage in Metro Manila

Abstract

Sustained economic growth coupled with inadequate public transport service are the main factors that contribute to increasing private vehicle dependency in Metro Manila These issues exacerbate traffic congestion and spur higher energy demand resulting in more greenhouse gas GHG production This paper developed a multinomial logit MNL -based household vehicle ownership model and a linear regression-based household energy demand model taking account of urban form attributes gas price and vehicle cost